The Iranian Patient Rights Charter has been developed based on the highest human values, the principles of Islamic and Iranian culture, and the recognition of the equal inherent dignity of all recipients of healthcare services. Its purpose is to protect, promote, and strengthen the humane relationship between healthcare providers and patients
:The Charter consists of five fundamental principles, each encompassing a number of specific provisions
1. The patient has the right to receive satisfactory healthcare services.
Healthcare services should have the following characteristics:
1-1) Be provided in accordance with human dignity and with respect for cultural and religious values and beliefs;
1-2) Be based on honesty, fairness, courtesy, and kindness;
1-3) Be free from any form of discrimination, including discrimination based on ethnicity, culture, religion, gender, or health condition;
1-4) Be based on up-to-date medical knowledge;
1-5) Be based on prioritizing the patient's best interests;
1-6) Be based on justice and fair prioritization of patients' treatment needs in the allocation of healthcare resources;
1-7) Be based on coordination of healthcare principles, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation;
1-8) Include the provision of all basic welfare facilities and avoid unnecessary pain, suffering, and restrictions;
1-9) Give special attention to vulnerable groups in society, including children, pregnant women, the elderly, prisoners, individuals with physical or mental disabilities, and orphans;
1-10) Be provided within the shortest possible time while respecting the patient's time;
1-11) Take into consideration factors such as the language, age, and gender of caregivers;
1-12) Emergency care must be provided regardless of costs, while non-emergency (elective) care must be provided according to official regulations;
1-13) If certain healthcare services cannot be provided at a facility, the patient must be transferred to a more appropriately equipped center after receiving necessary emergency care;
1-14) During the final stages of life, when the disease process is irreversible and death is imminent, healthcare services should aim to preserve the patient's comfort. Comfort refers to reducing the patient's pain and suffering and addressing their psychological, social, spiritual, and emotional needs at the time of death. A dying patient has the right to be accompanied by a person of their choice during their final moments.
2. The patient must be provided with adequate and acceptable information.
2-1) The information provided should include the following:
2-1-1) The content of the Patient Rights Charter at the time of admission;
2-1-2) Hospital regulations and foreseeable costs, including medical and non-medical services, insurance policies, and an introduction to available support systems at the time of admission;
2-1-3) The names, responsibilities, and professional qualifications of members of the healthcare team responsible for providing care (including physicians, nurses, and students), as well as their professional relationships with one another;
2-1-4) Diagnostic and treatment methods, including the advantages and disadvantages of each method and their possible complications; the diagnosis, prognosis, and complications of the disease; as well as all information that may affect the patient's decision-making process.
2-1-5) Information on how to access the attending physician and the main members of the healthcare team throughout the course of treatment;
2-1-6) All research activities.
2-2) Information should be provided as follows:
2-2-1) Information should be provided at an appropriate time and in accordance with the patient's condition, including factors such as anxiety and pain, as well as individual characteristics including language, education, and level of understanding, unless:
Delaying the initiation of treatment due to providing information may cause harm to the patient (in such cases, the information should be provided at the earliest appropriate time after the necessary actions have been taken);
Despite being aware of their right to receive information, the patient refuses to receive it.
In such circumstances, the patient's wishes should be respected unless the lack of awareness places the patient or others at serious risk.
2-2-2) The patient has the right to access all information recorded in their medical file, receive a copy of it, and request correction of any errors contained in the medical records.
3. The patient's right to freely choose and make decisions regarding healthcare services must be respected.
3-1) The patient's choices and decisions include the following:
3-1-1) Choosing the attending physician and the healthcare service provider within the framework of applicable regulations;
3-1-2) Choosing a second physician as a consultant and seeking consultation from them;
3-1-3) Deciding whether to participate in any research activity, with the assurance that such participation will not affect the continuity and quality of healthcare services received;
3-1-4) Accepting or refusing proposed treatments after being informed of their benefits, possible complications, and the consequences of refusing them, except in cases of suicide attempts or situations where refusal of treatment places another person at serious risk;
3-1-5) If the patient has decision-making capacity, they may express their preferences regarding possible future situations in which they may no longer be able to make decisions. Accordingly, their previously documented wishes may serve as guidance for healthcare providers and substitute decision-makers in carrying out medical actions while complying with legal requirements.
3-2) Conditions for choice and decision-making include:
3-2-1) The patient's choice and decision-making process must be voluntary, informed, and based on receiving sufficient and complete information;
3-2-2) After receiving information, the patient must be given adequate time to make a choice and decision.
4. Healthcare services must be provided with respect for the patient's privacy and confidentiality.
4-1) Maintaining confidentiality regarding all patient-related information is mandatory, except in cases where the law provides an exception;
4-2) The patient's privacy must be respected throughout all stages of medical care, including diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, all necessary facilities must be provided to ensure patient privacy;
4-3) Only the patient, the healthcare team, individuals authorized by the patient, and persons permitted by law may access patient information.
4-4) The patient has the right to be accompanied by a trusted person during diagnostic procedures, including physical examinations. A child also has the right to be accompanied by one of their parents during treatment, unless this is contrary to medical necessity.
5. The patient has the right to access an effective complaint-handling system.
5-1) Any patient who believes that their rights stated in this Charter have been violated has the right to submit a complaint to the competent authorities without interruption to the receipt of healthcare services;
5-2) The patient has the right to be informed about the process and outcome of their complaint;
5-3) Any damages resulting from errors made by healthcare service providers must be compensated, following review and verification, in accordance with applicable regulations and as soon as possible.
If a patient lacks decision-making capacity for any reason, the legally appointed substitute decision-maker is responsible for supervising the implementation of the provisions of this Charter.